Acta Chimica Slovaca (ACS) publishes papers on fundamental and applied aspects of chemistry, biochemistry, chemical technology, chemical engineering and process control, biotechnology and food technology. Welcome are also topics which include chemical aspects of materials, physical chemistry and chemical physics, analytical chemistry, macromolecular chemistry and biomedical engineering.

Extraction of biologically active compounds from Aronia melanocarpa: Comparison of techniques and multiple response optimization

Katarína Medveďová *, Lenka Nahliková, Petra Strižincová a, Tibor Dubaj b, František Kreps

Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
a Department of Wood, Pulp, and Paper, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
b Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia

E-mail: * kmedvedova33@gmail.com

Abstract: The paper deals with the selection of the most efficient extraction method for obtaining biologically active compounds (mainly antioxidants) from the black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits. Two conventional methods (maceration and Soxhlet extraction) as well as a more recent accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were employed. The extracts were evaluated by means of their overall yield, antioxidant activity (TEAC assay), total phenolic content (TPC), ascorbic acid (AA), and malic acid (MA) content. Both Soxhlet extraction and ASE led to the highest overall yields (42 %) of the extract; however, in terms of TEAC and TPC, the extracts obtained by ASE were usually superior. The highest TEAC value (227.7 mg TE/g), as well as the highest TPC (67.9 mg GAE/g), was obtained by ASE using 40 % (v/v) ethanol at 140 °C after 30 min. ASE method was further analyzed by a 23-factorial design where the effect of temperature (40–140 °C), extraction time (5–30 min), and solvent composition (40–96 % ethanol) was investigated. While temperature and solvent composition significantly affected the extract properties, the effect of extraction time was small or even insignificant. The regression model obtained from ANOVA was further used for multiresponse optimization of ASE conditions using the global desirability function as a criterion for overall extract quality.

Keywords: Accelerated solvent extraction, antioxidant activity, desirability function, factorial design

Acta Chimica Slovaca, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2023, pp. 92—98, DOI: 10.2478/acs-2023-0009