Degumming of rapeseed and sunflower oils
Oybek Zufarov, Štefan Schmidt *, Stanislav Sekretár
Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
E-mail: * stefan.schmidt@stuba.sk
Abstract: Crude extracted or pressed rapeseed and sunflower oils contain phospholipids, which must be removed from oil during refining process. For removing phospholipids following methods were used: water, acid, and TOP degumming process (TOP is a Dutch acronym derived from “Totaal Ontslijmings Process” meanining total degumming process). After the water degumming, the amount of phosphorus was reduced to 70.4 mg kg-1 in extracted rapeseed oil and to 60.9 mg kg-1 in pressed one. The residual amount of phosphorus in extracted and pressed sunflower oils was 56.9 mg kg-1 and 50.1 mg kg-1 respectively. However, acid degumming process reduced the amount of phosphorus below to 11.8 mg kg-1 in extracted and pressed sunflower oils and below to 21.4 mg kg-1 in extracted and pressed rapeseed oils. The most effective degumming process was TOP degumming, that allowed to decrease the amount of phosphorus in pressed rapeseed oil to 9.6 mg kg-1 and in pressed sunflower oil to 4.5 mg kg-1. In extracted oils the results were for rapeseed oil 15.1 mg P per kg and 10.6 mg P per kg of sunflower oil. However, TOP degumming process can not reduce the amount of P, Mg and Ca under 15.1 mg kg-1, 15.6 mg kg-1 and 3.2 mg kg-1 in extracted rapeseed oil, because of the high content of these elements in initial crude oil.
Keywords: degumming, phospholipids, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, refining
Full paper in Portable Document Format: acs_0028.pdf
Acta Chimica Slovaca, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2008, pp. 321—328